Which ethical theory is a consequence-oriented framework stating that decisions should maximize favorable outcomes for the greatest number?

Which ethical theory is a consequence-oriented framework stating that decisions should maximize favorable outcomes for the greatest number?

• A. Nonmaleficence
• B. Beneficence
• C. Utilitarianism
• D. Autonomy

Answer: (C)

Utilitarianism is a consequence-oriented ethical theory that says the right action is the one that produces the greatest overall good. It focuses on outcomes and aims to maximize favorable results for the greatest number, weighing benefits and harms across all affected people. In medical ethics this means evaluating actions by their net impact on well-being and public health, not by duties or rules alone. Nonmaleficence centers on avoiding harm rather than maximizing total good; beneficence involves promoting good but doesn’t inherently require comparing outcomes across a larger population; autonomy emphasizes respecting individual choice rather than aggregate consequences. So when deciding how to act, the option that leads to the largest net benefit for the most people aligns with utilitarian reasoning.

Utilitarianism is a consequence-oriented ethical theory that says the right action is the one that produces the greatest overall good. It focuses on outcomes and aims to maximize favorable results for the greatest number, weighing benefits and harms across all affected people. In medical ethics this means evaluating actions by their net impact on well-being and public health, not by duties or rules alone. Nonmaleficence centers on avoiding harm rather than maximizing total good; beneficence involves promoting good but doesn’t inherently require comparing outcomes across a larger population; autonomy emphasizes respecting individual choice rather than aggregate consequences. So when deciding how to act, the option that leads to the largest net benefit for the most people aligns with utilitarian reasoning.